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Qushla and its surroundings is where the historical features and cultural capitals of Baghdad are concentrated, from the Mutanabbi Street, Abbasid-era palace and bridges, Ottoman-era mosques to the Mustansariyah Madrasa. After the fall of the Umayyads, the first Muslim dynasty, the victorious Abbasid rulers wanted their own capital from which they could rule. Ctesiphon itself had replaced and absorbed Seleucia, the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, which had earlier replaced the city of Babylon. It was a perfectly round city, with all the important buildings in the centre. He is 39, a thin, nervous-looking man with a black beard and coarse hands. Rainfall has been recorded on fewer than half a dozen occasions at this time of year and has never exceeded 1 millimetre (0.04 in). Ali … Security Alert – U. S. Embassy Baghdad, Iraq (November 6, 2018) President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Thus, an overview will be provided over the rich Islamicare cultures in the medieval Mediterranean, with a focus on today’s Iraq, yet reaching beyond this central region of the Abbasid realm. At the end of the tenth century R. Isaac b. Moses ibn Sakrī of Spain was the rosh yeshivah. They chose a site north of the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon, and on 30 July 762[22] the caliph Al-Mansur commissioned the construction of the city. The project would include a six-star hotel, spa, an 18-hole golf course and a country club. During the Mandate, Baghdad's substantial Jewish community comprised a quarter of the city's population. When Mansur heard the story, he became very joyful, for legend has it, he was called Miklas as a child. One family of 12 said they would sleep together on a thin mattress lining the back of a pickup truck. Baghdad is also home to the grave of Abu Hanifa where there is a cell and a mosque above it. In the summer, from June through August, the average maximum temperature is as high as 44 °C (111 °F) and accompanied by sunshine. The Muslim historian al-Tabari reported an ancient prediction by Christian monks that a lord named Miklas would one day build a spectacular city around the area of Baghdad. The city historically had a predominantly Sunni population, but by the early 21st century around 52% of the city's population were Iraqi Shi'ites. Iraq judge who presided over Saddam's trial dies of COVID-19. Baghdad. The Nezamiyeh was founded by the Persian Nizam al-Mulk, who was vizier of two early Seljuk sultans. [citation needed], This article is about the capital of Iraq. Eric March. Multiple Iraqi parties are in discussions as to whether the arches should remain as historical monuments or be dismantled. Mackensen, Ruth Stellhorn . In 1040, they destroyed the Ghaznavids, taking over their land and in 1055, Tughril Beg, the leader of the Seljuks, took over Baghdad. At the beginning of the 21st century, some 1.5 million people migrated to Baghdad. [45][46][47][48][49] These are considered among the fundamental elements that contributed to the flourishing of scholarship in the Medieval Islamic world. [64] The sack of Baghdad put an end to the Abbasid Caliphate. On street corners, storytellers engaged crowds with tales such as those later told in Arabian Nights. The Mustansiriyah madrasa, which owned an exceedingly rich library, was founded by Al-Mustansir, the second last Abbasid caliph, who died in 1242. [56] Unfortunately, this second library was plundered and burned by the Seljuks only seventy years after it was established. Located along the Tigris, near the ruins of the Akkadian city of Babylon and the ancient Iranian capital of Ctesiphon, Baghdad was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. As before, the representatives to the Provincial Council were elected by their peers from the lower councils in numbers proportional to the population of the districts they represent. This style of urban planning contrasted with Ancient Greek and Roman urban planning, in which cities are designed as squares or rectangles with streets intersecting each other at right angles. But life goes on. "A memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson." The number of neighbourhood representatives on a district council is based upon the neighbourhood's population. Many of the Abbasid caliphs were patrons of learning and enjoyed collecting both ancient and contemporary literature. Baghdad was a modernizing city, with wide boulevards and grassy traffic circles. Many of these libraries were private collections intended only for the use of the owners and their immediate friends, but the libraries of the caliphs and other officials soon took on a public or a semi-public character. The next step was to have each of the nine district councils elect representatives from their membership to serve on the 37 member Baghdad City Council. From December through February, Baghdad has maximum temperatures averaging 16 to 19 °C (61 to 66 °F), though highs above 21 °C (70 °F) are not unheard of. The governorate council is responsible for the governorate-wide policy. "History of the Moof Abu Hanifa and its school", "DefenseLink News Article: Soldier Helps to Form Democracy in Baghdad", "Zafaraniya Residents Get Water Project Update – DefendAmerica News Article", "Basics of democracy in Iraq include frustration", "Leaders Highlight Successes of Baghdad Operation – DefendAmerica News Article", "Climatologie mensuelle en juillet 2020 à Baghdad | climatologie depuis 1900 – Infoclimat", "Baghdad Soars to 125 Blistering Degrees, Its Highest Temperature on Record", "Afp.google.com, First snow for 100 years falls on Baghdad", "World Weather Information Service – Baghdad", "Baghdad Climate Guide to the Average Weather & Temperatures, with Graphs Elucidating Sunshine and Rainfall Data & Information about Wind Speeds & Humidity", "Monthly weather forecast and climate for Baghdad, Iraq", "Baghdad plans to build giant Ferris wheel", "Iraq plans giant Ferris wheel, hopes to lure tourists to Baghdad", Wikinews: Iraq plans 'Baghdad Eye' to draw in tourists, "Obama ad attacks McCain for Baghdad Ferris wheel project being built on land leased by a Democratic Party donor", "New Ferris wheel attracts leisure-starved Iraqis", "Baghdad Investment: Creating (1824) housing units in Baghdad", Arrêté du 22 novembre 1990 complétant l'arrêté du 23 août 1990 fixant la liste des établissements d'enseignement prévue à l'article 1er du décret no 90-469 du 31 mai 1990, Deutscher Bundestag 4. Baghdad at play: normal life returns to Iraq's capital – in pictures Baghdad University students relaxing in a park on a Thursday afternoon. Call with Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi of Iraq President Joseph R. Biden spoke today with Prime Minister … What Celebrities Look Like Today. The dialect of Arabic spoken in Baghdad today differs from that of other large urban centres in Iraq, having features more characteristic of nomadic Arabic dialects (Versteegh, The Arabic Language). The city’s Asian community (red dots) lives to the northeast, and whites (blue dots) live to the east and southeast. Many of the victim's bodies were then dragged through the streets of Baghdad. Marketplaces are some of the most dangerous places in Baghdad. The Sultan of Baghdad, Abu Said Bahadur Khan, was a Tatar king who embraced Islam.[27]. Since the coalition invasion in 2003, Baghdad has become one of the most dangerous cities on Earth. Direct Ottoman rule was reimposed by Ali Rıza Pasha in 1831. The original design shows a single ring of residential and commercial structures along the inside of the city walls, but the final construction added another ring inside the first. Within eight days following the 2003 invasion, however, only 35 of the 650 animals in the facility survived. During the 1970s, Baghdad experienced a period of prosperity and growth because of a sharp increase in the price of petroleum, Iraq's main export. Gordon, M.S. Some of the important cultural institutions in the city include the National Theater, which was looted during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, but efforts are underway to restore the theatre. It is possible that Baghdad will see chaos.”. [54] Many of the One Thousand and One Nights tales, widely known as the Arabian Nights, are set in Baghdad during this period. The Muslim historian al-Tabari reported an ancient prediction by Christian … Mutanabbi Street is located near the old quarter of Baghdad; at Al Rasheed Street. [100][101] The humidity is typically under 50% in summer due to Baghdad's distance from the marshy southern Iraq and the coasts of Persian Gulf, and dust storms from the deserts to the west are a normal occurrence during the summer. When the Abbasid caliph, Al-Mansur, founded a completely new city for his capital, he chose the name Madinat al-Salaam or City of Peace. The Seljuks were a clan of the Oghuz Turks from Central Asia that converted to the Sunni branch of Islam. [24] Mansur loved the site so much he is quoted saying: "This is indeed the city that I am to found, where I am to live, and where my descendants will reign afterward". Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? by Rawlinson, George. During the tenth century there were two distinguished Jewish families in Baghdad, *Netira and Aaron. L.A.’s map looks like a color wheel: South Central Los Angeles is largely Black (green dots), while the southwestern communities are almost exclusively Latino (orange dots). Baghdad was eventually sacked by the Mongols, but that wasn’t until 1250 A.D. Today, Baghdad boasts roughly 5.6 million citizens (although estimates vary upward significantly) and serves … 70's Beauties Look Like Now Municipally, the governorate is divided into 9 municipalities, which have responsibility for local issues. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. [119], Iraq's Tourism Board is also seeking investors to develop a "romantic" island on the River Tigris in Baghdad that was once a popular honeymoon spot for newlywed Iraqis. It was built under the supervision of the Barmakids. The basic framework of the city consists of two large semicircles about 19 km (12 mi) in diameter. The city was also home to a large Jewish community and regularly visited by Sikh pilgrims. (1932). This month marks 15 … Administratively, Baghdad Governorate is divided into districts which are further divided into sub-districts. save. AP News Digest 3:40 a.m. [39], Within a generation of its founding, Baghdad became a hub of learning and commerce. My Patreon:https://www.patreon.com/nalfLike the music in my videos? Also in 2003, a minor riot in the city (which took place on 21 July) caused some disturbance in the population. The canals and dykes forming the city's irrigation system were also destroyed. There, local councils were elected from 20 neighbourhoods (Nahia) and these councils elected representatives from their members to serve on six district councils (Qada). They ruled as Sultans in the name of the Abbasid caliphs (they saw themselves as being part of the Abbasid regime). The city's population grew from an estimated 145,000 in 1900 to 580,000 in 1950. [103] On 11 January 2008, light snow fell across Baghdad for the first time in 100 years. No one was there.”. [120] This project not only addresses the urgent need for new residential units in Baghdad but also acts as a real symbol of progress in the war torn city, as Baghdad has not seen projects of this scale for decades.[121]. Illustration: Jean Soutif/Science Photo Library . [114], In October 2008, the Baghdad Metro resumed service. One Baghdad resident told Reuters his local market is “deserted” as his neighbors try to avoid the militants, an army of radical Sunni Muslims called ISIS whose tactics have been deemed too brutal by al Qaeda. [37][38] The two designers who were hired by Al-Mansur to plan the city's design were Naubakht, a Zoroastrian who also determined that the date of the foundation of the city would be astrologically auspicious, and Mashallah, a Jew from Khorasan, Iran. [28] It took four years to build (764–768). It would surpass even Constantinople in prosperity and size.[55]. [90] The square was the site of the statue of Saddam Hussein that was pulled down by U.S. coalition forces in a widely televised event during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. A Simple and Useful Guide to Understanding the Conflict in Iraq, ISIS: What to Know About the Military Group Taking Over Iraq, “I used to go every Friday to al-Ghazil market and I used to see a large number of people there,” Arkan says in a Reuters video. In its early years, the city was known as a deliberate reminder of an expression in the Qur'an, when it refers to Paradise. A 3D model of what Baghdad looked like in the 8th century. [3] The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. Ali Yaycioğlu (Stanford). The square developed during the Ottoman era as a military barracks. [53] June 13, 2014— -- As Islamic extremists threaten Baghdad, residents of the Iraqi capital are fleeing on foot, emptying grocery stores and hiding in shelters to escape the bloodshed. It has recently come to light that the famed Fatimid da'i, al-Mu'ayyad al-Shirazi, had a direct role in supporting al-Basasiri and helped the general to succeed in taking Mawṣil, Wāsit and Kufa. The first step in the establishment of the system of local government for Baghdad Province was the election of the Baghdad Provincial Council. Several estimates suggest that the city contained over a million inhabitants at its peak. "Ottoman administration of Iraq, 1890–1908." Iran launched a number of missile attacks against Baghdad in retaliation for Saddam Hussein's continuous bombardments of Tehran's residential districts. The round city of Baghdad in the 10th century, the peak of the Abbasid Caliphate. Each neighbourhood process ultimately ended with a final meeting where candidates for the new neighbourhood councils identified themselves and asked their neighbours to vote for them. What Celebrities Look Like Now . In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the Iraq War that lasted from 2003 until 2011, and the subsequent insurgency and later the renewed war that lasted from 2013 until 2017, resulting in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts. The city of Baghdad soon became so large that it had to be divided into three judicial districts: Madinat al-Mansur (the Round City), al-Sharqiyya (Karkh) and Askar al-Mahdi (on the West Bank).[26]. The city has also had a strong tradition of horse racing ever since World War I, known to Baghdadis simply as 'Races'. Here's what Baghdad looks like today. The masterplans of the city (1967, 1973) were delivered by the Polish planning office Miastoprojekt-Kraków, mediated by Polservice. The Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra is a government funded symphony orchestra in Baghdad. The land on which the city is built is almost entirely flat and low-lying, being of alluvial origin due to the periodic large floods which have occurred on the river. "Historic cities of the Islamic world. According to the traveler Ibn Battuta, Baghdad was one of the largest cities, not including the damage it has received. It is the historic center of Baghdadi book-selling, a street filled with bookstores and outdoor book stalls. In 1991 and 2003, the Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq caused significant damage to Baghdad's transportation, power, and sanitary infrastructure as the US-led coalition forces launched massive aerial assaults in the city in the two wars. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1932, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture, with a population variously estimated at 6 or over 7 million. [23] Mansur believed that Baghdad was the perfect city to be the capital of the Islamic empire under the Abbasids. 03.20.15. - Upworthy. An aerial view of Baghdad, Iraq March 4, 2018. by Garrels, Anne, and Lawrence, Vint. These official subdivisions of the city served as administrative centres for the delivery of municipal services but until 2003 had no political function. Regional services, however, are coordinated and carried out by a mayor who oversees the municipalities. The nine District Advisory Councils (DAC) are as follows:[91]. Baghdad accounts for 22.2% of Iraq's population and 40% of the country's gross domestic product (PPP). level 1. [79][80] Eventually Paul Bremer, Director of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq after the invasion, ordered protection for the zoo and enlisted U.S. engineers to help reopen the facility. Today the park is a popular daytrip destination for families, with green lawns, playgrounds and restaurants. [56] The last two were examples of madrasa or theological college libraries. In 2003, he thought the new Iraq would be orderly, liberal and secular. What Does Look Like Now . [128] Institutions offering cultural education in Baghdad include The Music and Ballet School of Baghdad and the Institute of Fine Arts Baghdad. As many as 30 movie theatres were reported to have been converted to live stages, producing a wide range of comedies and dramatic productions. ed. “Some of them have already gone to Kurdistan region and others went abroad. The city saw relative revival in the latter part of the 18th century, under a Mamluk government. Beyond the outer wall was a water-filled moat. [61] Despite his Shi'i inclinations, Al-Basasiri received support from Sunnis and Shi'is alike, for whom opposition to the Saljuq power was a common factor. Abu Hanifah was the counter of the bricks and he developed a canal, which brought water to the work site for both human consumption and the manufacture of the bricks. "Smothered in history, it is yet another place where the past never dies and isn't even past. [110], Most Iraqi reconstruction efforts have been devoted to the restoration and repair of badly damaged urban infrastructure. The Latino community is concentrated in the south, whites to the north … Lows below freezing occur a couple of times per year on average. The House of Wisdom (Arabic: بيت الحكمة ‎, romanized: Bayt al-Ḥikmah), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, refers to either a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad or to a large private library belonging to the Abbasid Caliphs during the Islamic Golden Age. best. Prior to the Gulf War, multiple international schools operated in Baghdad, including: Baghdad has always played a significant role in the broader Arab cultural sphere, contributing several significant writers, musicians and visual artists. The purpose or use of the remaining space in the center is unknown. Here's what Baghdad looks like today. [56] It continued to operate even after the coming of the Mongols in 1258. Baghdad's record highest temperature of 51.8 °C (125.2 °F) was reached on 28 July 2020. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672, "Baghdad: The City in Verse, translated and edited by Reuven Snir", "Baghdad celebrates selection as UNESCO City of Literature | Nermeen Mufti", "Five women confront a new Iraq | csmonitor.com", "Gunmen storm independent radio station in latest attack against media in Iraq", "Occupation and international humanitarian law: Questions and answers – ICRC", Miastoprojekt goes abroad: the transfer of architectural labour from socialist Poland to Iraq (1958–1989), Iraq Image – Baghdad Satellite Observation, National Commission for Investment in Iraq, Description of the original layout of Baghdad, Ethnic and sectarian map of Baghdad – Healingiraq, UAE Investors Keen On Taking Part In Baghdad Renaissance Project, Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit, An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baghdad&oldid=1016386050, Populated places established in the 8th century, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2019, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles needing additional references from June 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Siege of Baghdad (1625), Ottoman–Safavid Wars, Masjid Al-Kadhimain is a shrine that is located in the, Salihiya Residential area – situated off Al Sinak bridge in central Baghdad, surrounded by Al- Mansur Hotel in the north and Al-Rasheed hotel in the south, Al Khat al Sare'a – Mohammed al Qasim (high speed lane) – runs through Baghdad, north–south, Al Sinaa Street (Industry Street) runs by the University of Technology – centre of the computer trade in Baghdad, "Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-135" by Ibn Battuta.

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